Marketpower of Firms

This paper is currently under revision and will be resubmitted to the Journal of Economic Interaction and Coordination.

A Statistical Equilibrium Analysis of Firm-Specific Markup in the US

This paper analysis the statistical distribution of the markup in publicly-listed companies in the US for the years 1962-2019 and provides theoretical explanations for its origin and change. Fitting into the ongoing discussion about statistical rather than general equilibria in economics, this paper branches the discussed concepts further into the field of industrial organization. While the work is part of a general critique of the concepts of perfect competition, my approach is agnostic in finding the best theoretical fit for the empirical distribution. Settling for a two-component mixture distribution of a Log-Normal and Exponential distribution I provide two different, however consistent, explanations and theoretical concepts for the data-generating process in a winner/loser competition and a maximum entropy model. I conclude that changes to the markup over the last 59 years indicate that the competitive system of capitalism has not changed over time, but rather the possibilities and form of interaction of firms developed. The empirical results indicate a tendency of increasing markups while the competitive process decelerated, leading to an enhanced stickiness of the markup.

Acknowledgements

I would like to acknowledge the valuable feedback from Anna Carbone, Elena Cefis, Domenico Delli Gatti, Mark Glick, Joseph Hickey, Ellis Scharfenaker, Markus Schneider, Jan Schulz (alphabetical order), and two anonymous referees.

I also want to thank the participants of the Western State Graduate Workshop 2021 hosted by the University of Utah, the Competition Research Group at the University of Utah, the ninth PhD Workshop in Economics of Innovation, Complexity and Knowledge (WICK) at the Collegio Carlo Alberto in Turin, the Annual Western Social Science Association Conference 2022 in Denver, and the 24.5th Workshop on Economics with Heterogeneous Interacting Agents.